尾張徳川家の歴史

History of the Owari Tokugawa Family

背景

尾張徳川家は、徳川家康の子孫が始祖となり、尾張一国を治めた親藩です。日本史においても、徳川幕府の三大家老の一つとして知られています。その歴史は、家康の九男である徳川義直が尾張に移封された1606年（慶長11年）に始まります。本記事では、尾張徳川家の歴史について詳しく説明します。

Background
The Owari Tokugawa family was the parent clan that ruled the whole country of Owari, originated by the descendants of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In Japanese history, the family is known as one of the three major feudal lords of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Its history dates back to 1606, when Ieyasu’s ninth son, Yoshinao Tokugawa, was transferred to Owari. This article details the history of the Owari Tokugawa family.

徳川義直と尾張徳川家の成立

徳川義直は、1603年（慶長8年）に家康から甲斐国に封じられますが、実際の統治は甲府城代・平岩親吉によって行われていました。そのため、義直自身は在国せず、駿府城に在城していました。1606年（慶長11年）に義直は、兄である松平忠吉の遺跡を継ぐ形で尾張国清須に移封され、尾張徳川家が成立しました。徳川義直は、翌1607年（慶長12年）には名古屋城に入城し、以降、尾張徳川家の居城となりました。

Yoshinao Tokugawa and the Establishment of the Owari Tokugawa Family
Yoshinao Tokugawa was appointed by Ieyasu to the province of Kai in 1603, but actual governance was carried out by Chikayoshi Hiraiwa, the lord of Kofu Castle. In 1606, Yoshinao was transferred to Kiyosu, Owari, succeeding his elder brother Matsudaira Tadayoshi, and the Owari Tokugawa family was established. Yoshinao Tokugawa entered Nagoya Castle in the following year, 1607, and the castle became the residence of the Owari Tokugawa family thereafter.

尾張徳川家の発展

徳川義直の代から、尾張徳川家は領地を拡大していきます。特に、徳川義直の孫にあたる徳川義直（2代目）は、尾張一国に加えて、美濃国や三河国の一部を治めることに成功しました。また、徳川義直（2代目）は、名古屋城の改修や水路の整備など、尾張徳川家の発展に尽力しました。

Development of the Owari Tokugawa Family
From the generation of Yoshinao Tokugawa, the Owari Tokugawa family expanded its territory. In particular, Yoshinao Tokugawa (2nd generation), grandson of Yoshinao Tokugawa, succeeded in ruling not only Owari but also parts of Mino and Mikawa provinces. Yoshinao Tokugawa (2nd generation) also devoted himself to the development of the Owari Tokugawa family, including the renovation of Nagoya Castle and the construction of waterways.

名古屋城と尾張徳川家

名古屋城は、徳川家康の命で整備された城です。徳川義直が入城した翌年の1607年（慶長12年）には、初代城主となりました。以降、尾張徳川家の居城として、名古屋城は重要な役割を果たしました。また、名古屋城下町も尾張徳川家の治世によって発展し、現在の名古屋市の礎となりました。

Nagoya Castle and the Owari Tokugawa Family
Nagoya Castle was built on the orders of Ieyasu Tokugawa. Yoshinao Tokugawa became the first lord of the castle in 1607, the year after he entered the castle. From then on, Nagoya Castle played an important role as the residence of the Owari Tokugawa family. Nagoya Castle Town also developed during the reign of the Owari Tokugawa family and became the foundation of the present Nagoya City.

尾張徳川家の衰退

尾張徳川家は、江戸時代を通じて幕末まで存続しましたが、その後は衰退していきます。明治維新後、尾張徳川家は廃藩置県によって解体され、旧領は愛知県に編入されました。現在、尾張徳川家の当主は、22代徳川義崇さんです。徳川義崇さんは、尾張徳川家伝来の美術品や文献資料の収集・保管を行う公益財団法人徳川黎明会の会長や、名古屋徳川美術館館長を務め、文化芸術活動に重きを置いて活動しています。

Decline of the Owari Tokugawa Family
The Owari Tokugawa family continued to exist throughout the Edo period until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, after which it began to decline. After the Meiji Restoration, the Owari Tokugawa family was dismantled with the abolition of feudal domains and its former domain was incorporated into Aichi Prefecture. The current head of the Owari Tokugawa family is Yoshitaka Tokugawa, the 22nd head of the family. Yoshitaka Tokugawa is active in cultural and artistic activities, serving as chairman of the Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation, which collects and preserves artworks and documents inherited from the Owari Tokugawa family, and as director of the Nagoya Tokugawa Art Museum.

まとめ

尾張徳川家は、徳川家康の九男・徳川義直を始祖として、尾張一国を治めた親藩でした。名古屋城を中心に領地を拡大し、尾張徳川家の発展に尽力した徳川義直（2代目）などの名君が存在しました。しかし、明治維新後には廃藩置県によって解体され、衰退していきました。現在も、尾張徳川家の文化遺産を保管・伝承する活動が行われています。

以上が、尾張徳川家の歴史についての詳細な説明となります。

Conclusion
The Owari Tokugawa family was the parent clan that ruled the whole country of Owari, with Yoshinao Tokugawa, the ninth son of Ieyasu Tokugawa, as its founder. There were great rulers such as Yoshinao Tokugawa (2nd generation), who expanded his domain centering on Nagoya Castle and devoted himself to the development of the Owari Tokugawa family. After the Meiji Restoration, however, the clan was dismantled and declined due to the abolition of feudal domains. Today, activities are still underway to preserve and pass on the cultural heritage of the Owari Tokugawa family.

The above is a detailed account of the history of the Owari Tokugawa family.